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About ADHD

What is ADHD?

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. ADHD is most often diagnosed during childhood, but the disorder may continue into adulthood in most cases. 1

What are the symptoms of ADHD?

Some common symptoms of ADHD include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. According to the DSM-V, ADHD typically presents in 1 of 3 ways 2:

Boy With Combined Inattentive, Hyperactive, Impulsive ADHD Balances Pencil

Combined

(inattentive/hyperactive/impulsive)

Inattentive Only ADHD Girl Falls Asleep During School

Inattentive only

(formerly known as attention-deficit disorder, or ADD)

Hyperactive and Impulsive ADHD Boy Yelling

Hyperactive/impulsive

Is there a cure for ADHD?

While there is no scientifically proven cure for ADHD, most treatment plans include a combination of behavior therapy and medication to help manage the symptoms of ADHD. 1 Treatment success can vary by patient and family. Read about Tris Pharma treatments for patients 6 years and older with ADHD, including:

DYANAVEL ® XR
(amphetamine) tablet caret
Quillivant XR ®
(methylphenidate HCl) caret
DYANAVEL ® XR
(amphetamine) oral suspension caret
QuilliChew ER ®
(methylphenidate HCl) caret

Is there a genetic link?

Research to date has shown that ADHD is a biological condition with several possible causes, including genetics. 1

Who else should be screened when a patient has been diagnosed with ADHD?

If you have diagnosed a young patient with ADHD, you may consider screening their parents and siblings for ADHD. 3

If you have diagnosed an adult patient with ADHD, you may consider screening their children, if any. 3 Learn more about ADHD with resources available to you and your patients.

What are the categories of ADHD treatments?

There are many options available for treating ADHD in children and adult patients. Stimulant medications are often used in the treatment of patients with ADHD. There are 2 types of stimulants 4:

  • Methylphenidate: a CNS stimulant believed to work by blocking the reuptake of dopamine from the synaptic cleft
  • Amphetamine: a CNS stimulant believed to work by increasing availability of norepinephrine and dopamine at the synaptic cleft

Knowing the difference between the 2 is key in determining which treatment is appropriate for your patient. While responses to methylphenidate and to amphetamine in patients with ADHD are generally similar, patients may respond very differently to the 2 classes of stimulants. If a patient has an unsatisfactory response to 1 class, prescribing the other class is recommended, as the proportion of patients who respond to 1 of the drugs may be as high as 95%. 5

Do methylphenidate and amphetamine have the same mechanism of action?

Methylphenidate and amphetamine are both stimulants and are often used interchangeably to treat ADHD, but they have distinct mechanisms of action. Because they affect dopamine and norepinephrine differently, patients may respond differently to each. 4

Is a methylphenidate or an amphetamine right for my patient?

Deciding whether to prescribe a methylphenidate such as Quillivant XR or QuilliChew ER, or an amphetamine such as DYANAVEL XR tablet or DYANAVEL XR oral suspension, depends largely on the individual needs of the patient, prior patient response or lack of response to methylphenidate or amphetamine, patient preference for liquid vs tablet formulation, and any other conditions the patient may have.

Prior to treatment with Quillivant XR, QuilliChew ER, or DYANAVEL XR, patients should be assessed for the presence of cardiac disease and risk of abuse. During treatment, careful prescription records should be maintained, and patients should be informed about abuse and monitored for signs of abuse and overdose. The need for continued stimulant medication use should be periodically reevaluated and, if necessary, dosage reduced or treatment discontinued.

Choose the Tris portfolio of ADHD products, designed to help meet your patients' individual needs

Tris Pharma offers amphetamine and methylphenidate treatment options for patients 6 years and older with ADHD. Select a product below.

DYANAVEL XR Tablet amphetamine extended-release tablets 5mg, 10mg, 15mg, 20mg Logo Once Daily Dyanavel XR extended release
Tris Once-Daily ADHD Tablet Amphetamine Tablet Icon
Once-daily tablet amphetamine
Learn more about
DYANAVEL XR tablet
DYANAVEL XR Liquid amphetamine extended-release oral suspension 2.5 mg/mL Logo/mL Logo #1 Dyanavel XR extended release oral suspension
Tris Once-Daily ADHD Liquid Amphetamine Droplet Icon
Once-daily liquid amphetamine
Learn more about
DYANAVEL XR liquid
QuilliChew ER methylphenidate HCl for extended-release chewable tablets 20mg, 30mg, 40mg Logo #1 QuilliChew ER, the only once-daily extended-release methylphenidate tablet
Tris Once-Daily ADHD Tablet Methylphenidate Tablet Icon
Once-daily tablet methylphenidate
Learn more about
QuilliChew ER
Quillivant XR methylphenidate HCl for extended-release oral suspension 25mg/5mL Logo #1 Quillivant XR, the first once-daily, long-acting* liquid methylphenidate treatment
Tris Once-Daily ADHD Liquid Methylphenidate Droplet Icon
Once-daily liquid methylphenidate
Learn more about
Quillivant XR
Help Your Patients Save On Tris ADHD Products Money Sign Icon

Help your patients save on Tris ADHD products.

CNS, central nervous system; DSM-V, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.

References: 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated September 23, 2021. Accessed May 26, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/facts.html 2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013. 3. Mayo Clinic. Updated June 25, 2019. Accessed May 26, 2022. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adult-adhd/symptoms-causes/syc-20350878 4. Shier AC, Reichenbacher T, Ghuman HS, Ghuman JK. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis. 2013;5:1-17. 5. Hodgkins P, Shaw M, Coghill D, Hechtman L. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012;21(9):477-492.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

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WARNING: ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE

CNS stimulants, including Dyanavel XR, Quillivant XR, QuilliChew ER, and other amphetamine-containing or methylphenidate-containing products, have a high potential for abuse and dependence. Assess the risk of abuse prior to prescribing and monitor for signs of abuse and dependence while on therapy.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

WARNING: ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE

CNS stimulants, including Dyanavel XR, Quillivant XR, QuilliChew ER, and other amphetamine-containing or methylphenidate-containing products, have a high potential for abuse and dependence. Assess the risk of abuse prior to prescribing and monitor for signs of abuse and dependence while on therapy.

  • Dyanavel XR (amphetamine), Quillivant XR (methylphenidate HCl), and QuilliChew ER (methylphenidate HCl) are contraindicated:
    • in patients known to be hypersensitive to amphetamine, methylphenidate, or other components of Dyanavel XR, Quillivant XR, and QuilliChew ER. Hypersensitivity reactions, such as angioedema and anaphylactic reactions, have been reported.
    • in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), or within 14 days of stopping MAOIs, because of risk of hypertensive crisis.
  • Avoid use in patients with known structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious cardiac arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, and other serious cardiac problems. Sudden death, stroke, and myocardial infarction have been reported in adults treated with CNS stimulants at recommended doses. Sudden death has been reported in pediatric patients with structural cardiac abnormalities and other serious cardiac problems when taking CNS stimulants at recommended doses for ADHD. Further evaluate patients who develop exertional chest pain, unexplained syncope, or arrhythmias during treatment with Dyanavel XR, Quillivant XR, and QuilliChew ER.
  • CNS stimulants cause increase in blood pressure (mean increase approximately 2 to 4 mm Hg) and heart rate (mean increase about 3 to 6 bpm). Monitor all patients for tachycardia and hypertension.
  • CNS stimulants may exacerbate symptoms of behavior disturbance and thought disorder in patients with a preexisting psychotic disorder. They may induce a mixed/manic episode in patients with bipolar disorder. Assess for presence of bipolar disorder prior to initiating treatment. At recommended doses, stimulants may cause psychotic or manic symptoms, e.g., hallucinations, delusional thinking, or mania, in patients without prior history of psychotic illness or mania. If such symptoms occur, consider discontinuing Dyanavel XR, Quillivant XR, or QuilliChew ER.
  • CNS stimulants have been associated with weight loss and slowing of growth rate in pediatric patients with ADHD; monitor weight and height during treatment with Dyanavel XR, Quillivant XR, and QuilliChew ER. Treatment may need to be interrupted in children not growing or gaining weight as expected.
  • CNS stimulants are associated with peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud's phenomenon. Signs and symptoms are usually intermittent and mild; very rare sequelae include digital ulceration and/or soft tissue breakdown. Careful observation for digital changes is necessary during treatment with ADHD stimulants.
  • Cases of painful and prolonged penile erections and priapism have been reported with methylphenidate products. Immediate medical attention should be sought if signs or symptoms of prolonged penile erections or priapism are observed.
  • Serotonin syndrome risk is increased when Dyanavel XR is co-administered with serotonergic agents (e.g., SSRIs, SNRIs, triptans), MAOIs, and during overdosage situations. If it occurs, discontinue Dyanavel XR and any concomitant serotonergic agents immediately, and initiate supportive treatment.
  • QuilliChew ER contains phenylalanine, a component of aspartame, and can be harmful to patients with phenylketonuria (PKU).
  • Most common adverse reactions observed with amphetamine products: dry mouth, anorexia, weight loss, abdominal pain, nausea, insomnia, restlessness, emotional lability, dizziness, and tachycardia.
  • Based on limited experience with Dyanavel XR in controlled trials, the adverse reaction profile of Dyanavel XR appears similar to other amphetamine extended-release products. The most common (≥2% in the Dyanavel XR group and greater than placebo) adverse reactions reported in the Phase 3 controlled study conducted in 108 patients with ADHD (aged 6 to 12 years) were: epistaxis (Dyanavel XR 4%, placebo 0%), allergic rhinitis (4%, 0%) and upper abdominal pain (4%, 2%).
  • Based on accumulated data from other methylphenidate products, the most common (≥5% and twice the rate of placebo) adverse reactions are: appetite decreased, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, weight decreased, anxiety, dizziness, irritability, affect lability, tachycardia, blood pressure increased.
  • There is limited experience with Quillivant XR and QuilliChew ER in controlled trials.
    • Quillivant XR: The most common (≥2% in the Quillivant XR group and greater than placebo) adverse reactions reported in the Phase 3 controlled study conducted in 45 ADHD patients (ages 6 to 12 years) in Quillivant XR compared to placebo were affect lability (9% Quillivant XR, 2% placebo), excoriation (4%, 0%), initial insomnia (2%, 0%), tic (2%, 0%), decreased appetite (2%, 0%), vomiting (2%, 0%), motion sickness (2%, 0%), eye pain (2%, 0%), and rash (2%, 0%).
    • QuilliChew ER: The most common (≥2% in the QuilliChew ER group and greater than placebo) adverse reactions reported in the Phase 3 controlled study conducted in 90 pediatric subjects (ages 6 to 12 years) in QuilliChew ER compared to placebo were decreased appetite (2.4% QuilliChew ER, 0% placebo), aggression (2.4%, 0%), emotional poverty (2.4%, 0%), nausea (2.4%, 0%), headache (2.4%, 0%), and weight decreased (2.4%, 0%).
  • Dyanavel XR, Quillivant XR, and QuilliChew ER use during pregnancy may cause fetal harm.
  • Breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with Dyanavel XR, Quillivant XR, or QuilliChew ER.

INDICATION

Dyanavel XR, Quillivant XR, and QuilliChew ER are indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in patients 6 years and older.

See Full Prescribing Information for Dyanavel XR, Quillivant XR, and QuilliChew ER, including Boxed Warning regarding Abuse and Dependence.

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